F.Y.B.Sc. Semester-I Botany Syllabus Paper-I & II



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F.Y.B.Sc. Sem-I, Paper No-II (2019-20) Gymnosperm : Gnetum   Dr. R.P. Jadhav, GKG College, Kolhapur 1. Distribution of Gnetum: Gnetum, represented by about 40 species is confined to the tropical and humid regions of the world. Nearly all species, except G. microcarpum, occur below an altitude of 1500 metres. Five species (Gnetum contractum, G. gnemon, G. montanum, G. ula and G. latifolium) have been reported from India (Fig. 13.1). Gnetum ula is the most commonly occurring species of India. Gnetum species occur in India in the following regions: Gnetumula: It is a woody climber having branches with swollen nodes. It is found in Western Ghats near Khandala, forests of Kerala, Nilgiris, Godawari district of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Gnetum contractum: A scandent shrub growing in Kerala, Nilgiri Hills and Coonoor in Tamil Nadu. Gnetum gnemon: A s
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Special Type of Inflorescence: Cyathium

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Cyathium: Inflorescence Of The Euphorbiaceae Family- One of the largest genera of flowering plants is  Euphorbia  with approximately 2,000 species. This enormous genus belongs to the very diverse euphorbia family (Euphorbiaceae) with at least 7,500 species. The variation within this genus is astonishing, from low-growing garden weeds called spurges to giant, cactus-like succulents that rival in size our North American sahuaro and organ-pipe cacti. South African euphorbias have evolved succulent, spine-covered stems that greatly resemble North American cacti, a biological phenomenon known as convergent evolution. It is difficult to believe that all these diverse forms belong to the same genus as the showy garden euphorbia called poinsettia ( E. pulcherrima ) until you carefully examine the blossom. The showy, red, modified leaves of poincettia are not petals. In fact, they are not even part of the true flowers. They surround clusters of small, greenish, cup-shaped structur
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